SM Commands: A Very Abbreviated Guide by Topic
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SM: version SM2_3_1 (28th Jun 1993) [10/26/95]
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Leaving SM
QUIT quits the programme entirely. plot will go to hardcopy device.
ABORT closes the current device without producing any hardcopy.
SAVE saves current macros, variables, and vectors to `filename'
RESTORE restores all macros, variables, and vectors from `filename'
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Help functions
HELP prints longer version of this type of message for commands.
APROPOS lists macros whose name or introductory comments match `pattern'.
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Reading data into SM
DATA uses "file" as the source of data read with the READ command.
LINES sets use of lines INTEGER1 to INTEGER2 from the current data file
READ reads column INTEGER of data file to vector WORD
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Reading user macros into current SM
MACRO READ name read macro `name' into SM.
MACRO EDIT name to edit a macro.
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Defining variables
SET name = expr sets the vector "name" to be equal to "expr"
DEFINE name value defines variables. accessed by $name
VARIABLE see DEFINE for how to define and use variables.
LIST DEFINE [ begin end ] lists all the current variables (or macros)
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Looking at data
PRINT [+] [ filename ] [ 'format' ] { vector_list }
prints the values of the vectors in vector_list to the terminal,
or to the filename specified
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Plotting commands
DEVICE WORD chooses plot device (x11, sunview, bgi, mswindows, vaxuis)
ERASE erases the graphics screen
PAGE starts a new page for a hardcopy plot
HARDCOPY produces a hard copy
DEVICE META device META takes plot commands and stores and executes them.
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Plot area set up
LOCATION GX1 GX2 GY1 GY2 sets physical plot location (0-32767)
LIMITS sets plot coordinates to vector1,vector2 or xmin,xmax,ymin,ymax
BOX puts axes around the plot region
ASPECT sets aspect ratio (Y/X) to A for characters and points.
GRID I1 I2 draws grid at major (I1=0) or minor (I1=1) tickmarks within box.RANGE n_x n_y sets the range on the x, y axis to be n_x, n_y
WINDOW nx ny x y divide plot area into nx*ny regions, use the (x,y)th.
AXIS A1 A2 AX AY ALEN draws axis, label from A1 to A2 at AX, AY, length ALEN.
TICKSIZE SMX BIGX SMY BIGY determines tick intervals for BOX
NOTATION XLO XHI YLO YHI sets axis label format (exp. or float)
FORMAT x-format y-format specifies axis tick label formats.
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Image file plotting
IMAGE reads image from "file", can specify range of coordinates.
MINMAX sets `min' and `max' to the the max and min values of an image
LEVELS sets CONTOUR levels to be the elements of `expr'
CONTOUR makes a contour plot of image.
SURFACE type z1 z2 draws a wire-frame surface of the current IMAGE.
TYPE determines surfaces to draw:
0 no hidden line removal 1 draw top surface
2 draw bottom surface 3 draw both top and bottom surfaces
VIEWPOINT theta phi L draws surfaces from direction (THETA,PHI), and project
onto surface passing through origin, from point L away from the
nearest corner of the cube containing image.
CURSOR display crosshair cursor to enable you to get positions
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Line/point set-up
EXPAND expr expands all characters and points, its default is 1.0.
LWEIGHT sets line thickness to `number' (larger is thicker)
PTYPE n s causes points to be drawn as n sided polygons of a style s,
where: 0 = open 1 = skeletal 2 = starred 3 = solid
LTYPE I1 sets the type of line to be drawn by I1:
0 = solid 1 = dot 2 = short dash 3 = long dash
4 = dot - short dash 5 = dot-long dash
6 = short dash-long dash 10 = erase lines
CTYPE WORD
sets line colour to WORD. ("default", "white", "black", "red",
"green", "blue", "cyan", "magenta", or "yellow".)
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Plotting vectors with lines and points
CONNECT draws lines connecting points in vectors pexpr1, pexpr2.
POINTS makes points at the points in vectors WORD1 and WORD2.
ERRORBAR WORD1 WORD2 expr INTEGER
draws one-sided error bars on all points defined by vectors WORD1 and
WORD2, of lengths set by expr. INTEGER is 1 to put the bar along the +x
direction, 2 for +y, 3 for -x, and 4 for -y.
HISTOGRAM connects points in vectors pexpr1 and pexpr2 as a histogram.
SHADE INTEGER pexpr1 pexpr2 shades `inside' curve defined by pexpr1 pexpr2
RELOCATE X Y sets the current location to (x,y) without drawing a line.
DOT draws point at the current location.
DRAW #1 #2 draws line from current position to #1,#2 (user coordinates)
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Annotating plots with labels
LABEL writes the string str at the current location.
XLABEL str writes label "str" centered under the x axis made by BOX.
YLABEL str writes label "str" centered to left of the yaxis made by BOX.
PUTLABEL INTEGER str writes label "str" at current location.
ANGLE expr text from LABEL comes out D degrees anticlockwise from
horizontal. (D is first element of `expr')
DATE is a special variable that expands to the current date and time.
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Programming in SM
DO variable = start, end [ , incr ] { commands }
executes the commands while the value of $variable runs from
`start' to `finish', increment defaulting to 1.
FOREACH variable ( list ) { commands }
The value of variable is set to each element of list is in turn,
and then the commands are executed.
RETURN returns from the current macro, which includes breaking out
of DO and FOREACH loops.
IF (expr) { list1 } <CR> {or IF (expr) { list1 } ELSE { list2 }}
If `expr' is true, execute list1, otherwise list2 (if present).
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OPERATORS
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ARITHMETIC operators in SM:
PI Pi
-expr Change sign ABS(expr) Absolute value
ACOS(expr) Arccosine ASIN(expr) Arcsine
ATAN(expr) Arctangent COS(expr) Cosine
DIMEN(vector) Dimension of a vector EXP(expr) Exponential
INT(expr) Integral part LG(expr) Log_10
LN(expr) Log_e RANDOM(s_expr) Random numbers
SIN(expr) Sine SQRT(expr) Square root
STRING(expr) Convert to a string SUM(expr) Sum_i expr_i
TAN(expr) Tangent VECTOR[expr] Elements of an array
( expr ) Raise precedence
expr + expr Add expr - expr Subtract
expr CONCAT expr Concatenate expr * expr Multiply
expr / expr Divide expr ** expr Exponentiate
ATAN2(expr_y,expr_x) Atan2
HISTOGRAM(expr:expr) Construct histogram
IMAGE(expr,expr) Extract cross section
expr1 ? expr2 : expr3 expr2 if expr1 is true, else expr3
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LOGICAL operators in SM: (non-zero = true)
!expr Logical complement
expr == expr Equal to expr != expr Not equal
expr < expr Less than expr <= expr Less than or equal
expr > expr Greater than expr >= expr Greater than or equal
expr && expr Logical and expr || expr Logical or
Only == and != are allowed for string valued vectors.
All arithmetic vectors test unequal to all string-valued vectors.
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STRINGS operations on vectors and scalars.
LENGTH(expr) The length (SCREEN units) that a string would have if plotted
STRLEN(expr) The number of characters in a string
STRING(expr) Convert a number to a string. You might prefer to use
sprintf('%t',expr) instead, as it gives you more control.
( expr ) Raise precedence
expr + expr Add; concatenate element by element
expr CONCAT expr Concatenate the two vectors
INDEX(expr_1,expr_2)
Return the starting index of expr_2 in expr_1, or -1.
SPRINTF(expr_1,expr_2)
Format expr_2 using the standard C format string expr_1. The
additional format %t or %T is identical to %e, but formats the
string as a power of 10 in TeX format. Note that only one expr
may be formatted, but that you can say `sprintf(expr,expr) +
sprint(expr,expr) ...' to work around this restriction.
vector[expr] The elements of vector given by expr.
SUBSTR(expr_1,expr_2,expr_3)
Return the expr_3-long substring of expr_1 starting at expr_2
if expr_3 is 0 return the rest of the string.
expr1 ? expr2 : expr3
expr2 if expr1 is true, else expr3
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Vector manipulation
SORT { vector_list }
sorts the first vector in thel list into increasing numerical order,
and rearranges the others (no. vectors<=10) in the same way.
SPLINE x1 y1 x2 y2
performs a natural spline fit on vectors x1 and y1, (same dimension,
x1 monotonic increasing) and interpolates to points of vector x2,
creating vector y2.
FFT n pexpr1 pexpr2 WORD1 WORD2
Fourier transforms 2 vectors (treated as the real and imaginary parts
of a complex vector), returning answer in vectors WORD1 and WORD2.
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Controlling SM system stuff
EDIT op_name key_name
redefines a key key_name to carry out the function op_name.
TERMTYPE WORD [ NLINES ]
sets the terminal type for the line/history editor to be WORD.
CHDIR WORD
changes to a new directory. Use double quotes on WORD for safety. If
first character of WORD is `~' it is replaced by your home directory.
PROMPT new_prompt
replaces the current prompt by new_prompt. The character '*' is
replaced by a ^G, to ring the terminal bell.
VERBOSE INTEGER
makes SM produce output on what it is doing if integer is > 0.
be turned off again with another negative value.
VERSION
returns a string identifying the version of SM in use.
USER ABORT [ string ] {or USER INTEGER string}
USER ABORT generates a syntax error, using the string as the
offending command if it's provided.
WHATIS(something) has a value depending on what it is:
A number 0 bit Not a number: 1 0
a macro: set 02 bit 1 a variable: set 04 bit 2
a vector: set 010 bit 3 a keyword: set 020 bit 4
OVERLOAD keyword INTEGER
allows "keyword" (in lowercase) to be used as a macro name if
integer is non-zero.
KEY key-sequence commands
defines the key-sequence to expand to the commands.
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History mechanism
HISTORY lists up to the the last eighty commands issued, giving each an
identifying number. HISTORY - lists the commands backwards.
PLAYBACK re-executes the list use the macro `playback' (or `play').
WRITE HISTORY WORD {or WRITE STANDARD}
writes the macro WORD onto the top of the history buffer. WRITE
STANDARD writes a string to the standard output.
DELETE [ INTEGER1 INTEGER2 ] {or many variants}
deletes commands INTEGER1 to INTEGER2 (inclusive) from the
history buffer.
ALL The macros edit_hist, hcopy, hmacro, insert, and playback use
`all' use `all' to save the history buffer while manipulating it.
EDITOR edits the HISTORY LIST, or macros.
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